Le esperienze biografiche di Shelley,anticipatrici per un verso,avevano d’altro canto (come spesso accade) origini antiche, ‘as the counterculture of the Ancient Greeks, espoused by philosophers like Diogenes of Sinope and the Cynics’. E ancora, invece per quasi un secolo dopo: ‘Between 1896-1908, a German youth movement arose as a countercultural reaction to the organized social and cultural clubs that centered around German folk music. Known as Der Wandervogel (“migratory bird”), the movement opposed the formality of traditional German clubs, instead emphasizing amateur music and singing, creative dress, and communal outings involving hiking and camping. Inspired by the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Goethe, Hermann Hesse, and Eduard Baltzer, Wandervogel attracted thousands of young Germans who rejected the rapid trend toward urbanization and yearned for the pagan, back-to-nature spiritual life of their ancestors. During the first several decades of the twentieth century, Germans settled around the United States, bringing the values of the Wandervogel with them. Some opened the first health food stores, and many moved to Southern California where they could practice an alternative lifestyle in a warm climate. Over time, young Americans adopted the beliefs and practices of the new immigrants’. Il viaggio,per Shelley a Ginevra, Chamonix, Venezia, Livorno, Lucca, Roma, Napoli, Firenze e
Pisa ,con l’ ultima residenza a San Terenzo, paese nel Comune di Lerici (‘travel, domestic and international, was a prominent feature of hippie culture, becoming an extension of friendship’…. As in the beat movement preceding them, and the punk movement that followed soon after, hippie symbols and iconography were purposely borrowed from either “low” or “primitive” cultures, with hippie fashion reflecting a disorderly, often vagrant style),la droga (per una, tra le tante,connessioni: ‘During the early 1960s novelist Ken Kesey and The Merry Pranksters lived communally in California. The Merry Pranksters were known for using marijuana, amphetamines, and LSD, and during their journey they “turned on” many people to these drugs….LSD manufacturer Owsley Stanley lived in Berkeley during 1965 and provided much of the LSD that became a seminal part of the “Red Dog Experience”, the early evolution of psychedelic rock and budding hippie culture. On October 6, 1966, the state of California declared LSD a controlled substance, which made the drug illegal’, anche se: ‘Following in the well-worn footsteps of the Beats, the hippies also used cannabis (marijuana), considering it pleasurable and benign. They enlarged their spiritual pharmacopeia to include hallucinogens such as LSD, psilocybin and mescaline. Harder drugs, such as amphetamines and heroin were also used in hippie settings; however, these drugs were disdained, even among those who used them, because they were recognized as harmful and addictive, as can be seen in the 1960s slogan ‘speed kills’), un intelligente pacifismo (‘Hippies were often pacifists and participated in non-violent political demonstrations, such as civil rights marches, the marches on Washington D.C., and anti-Vietnam War demonstrations, including draft card burnings and the 1968 Democratic National Convention protests. The degree of political involvement varied widely among hippies, from those who were active in peace demonstrations to the more anti-authority street theater and demonstrations of the Yippies, the most politically active hippie sub-group’), l’opposizione al patriarcato (cfr. The Cenci, opera terminata da Shelley nel 1819,sulla base di un manoscritto che probabilmente gli fu consegnato dallo stesso Stendhal), il contrasto politico e sociale (’ Hippies rejected established institutions, criticized middle class values, opposed nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War, embraced aspects of Eastern philosophy, championed sexual liberation, were often vegetarian and eco-friendly, promoted the use of psychedelic drugs to expand one’s consciousness, and created intentional communities or communes… Hippies opposed political and social orthodoxy, choosing a gentle and nondoctrinaire ideology that favored peace, love and personal freedom’) ,l’amore libero (su cui torneremo in seguito), e non da ultimo l’ostilità nei riguardi della religione tradizionale (Laon and Cythna, un componimento in forma narrativa in cui il poeta attaccava la religione, rappresentandovi una coppia di amanti incestuosi, e che fu subito ritirato dopo la pubblicazione solo di alcune copie), furono tutti elementi che caratterizzarono profondamente la vita e le esperienze di Percy Bysshe Shelley : cfr. ancora ‘The Hippie subculture was originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world. The word hippie derives from hipster, and was initially used to describe beatniks who had moved into San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district. These people inherited the countercultural values of the Beat Generation, created their own communities, listened to psychedelic rock, embraced the sexual revolution, and used drugs such as cannabis and LSD to explore alternative states of consciousness’. Qui, e solo a titolo di raffronto e,come detto,di una certa ‘premonizione’: ‘Reminiscing about late 1940s Harlem in his 1964 autobiography, Malcolm X referred to the word hippy as a term that African Americans used to describe a specific type of white man who ‘acted more Negro than Negroes’, per oltre un secolo in anticipo: ‘Regarding this period of history, the July 7, 1967, Time magazine featured a cover story entitled, “The Hippies: The Philosophy of a Subculture.” The article described the guidelines of the hippie code: “Do your own thing, wherever you have to do it and whenever you want. Drop out. Leave society as you have known it. Leave it utterly. Blow the mind of every straight person you can reach. Turn them on, if not to drugs, then to beauty, love, honesty, fun’.
A questo punto, ritengo che gli elementi di raffronto possano apparire quantomeno notevoli. Senza supporre,come mi è consueto, alcuna tesi nel merito o proposizioni,scientificamente dimostrabili, che espressamente richiedano una qualche,o quantomeno, adeguata (per quanto possibile) ed ulteriore giustificazione.
Antonio Della Rocca